Chronology Of The American Civil War

October 9, 2010 | In: History facts

• 1775 – Slavery legal in all thirteen colonies
• 1787 – Constitutional Convention see 5 states abolish slavery
• 1792 – Invention of the Cotton Gin
• 1808 – Congress votes to abolish International slave trade
• 1820 – Concession to the minority interest of the Southern states
• 1832 – South Carolina’s attempted nullification of the Constitution
• 1850 – One million tons of cotton per year being exported from U.S.
• 1850 – Concession to the minority interest of the Southern states
• 1854 – Concession to the minority interest of the Southern states
• 1857- Supreme Court disenfranchises blacks in territories – this increases anti-slavery
  forces
• Oct. 16-18, 1859- John Browns raid of Harper’s Ferry
• 1860- Four million people in U.S. were slaves
• March 6, 1860 – Spencer Repeating Rifle patented – 7 shots
• ***July 20, 1860 – South Carolina secedes from Union
• October 16, 1860 – Henry Repeating Rifle patented – 15 shots
• November 6, 1860 – States call conventions – secession talks
• December 3, 1860 – Lame Duck president Buchanan warns against secession but says its
  legal
• ***December 26, 1860 – Union forces move into Fort Sumter to protect against
  secessionists.
• November 6, 1860 – Lincoln elected President – 33 states in Union
• December 14, 1860 – Southern Manifesto issued – Further efforts for conciliation
  fruitless
• December 20, 1860 – South Carolina secedes

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• 1861 – Michigan, pop. 394,694 sends off 87,000 of its sons to the Civil War in the next
  four years
• January 2, 1861 – Confederate guns trained on Fort Sumter
• January 8, 1861 – Provisional Confederate Constitution adopted
• January 9, 1961 – Minnesota declares they are small, not powerful but yet for Union and
  Constitution
• January 9, 1961 – Mississippi secedes
• January 9, 1861 – Confederates fire on "Star of the West" – a U.S. transport
  harboring troops and supplies concealed – Anderson at Ft. Sumter ordered to fire at CSA
  batteries if they shoot
• January 9, 1861 – President Jeff Davis named president of the Confederacy
• January 10, 1861 – Florida secedes
• January 11, 1861 – Constitution of Confederacy adopted
• January 11, 1861 – Alabama secedes
• January 19, 1860 – Georgia secedes
• January 21, 1861 – Jeff Davis leaves U.S. Senate
• January 26, 1860 – Louisiana secedes
• January 29, 1861- Kansas joins Union just as other states are leaving
• January 30, 1861 – Monitor launched by Union
• February 1, 1861 – Texas secedes
• February 4, 1861 – Convention of 6 seceded states – at Montgomery, Alabama
• February 8, 1861 – Constitution of Confederacy adopted
• February 9, 1861 – Jeff Davis named Provisional President
• February 11, 1861 – Provisional CSA government adopted, sent to states for ratification
• ***February 18, 1861 – Jeff Davis inaugurated President CSA
• ***March 4, 1861 – President Lincoln inaugurated – 27 states remain in Union
• April 8, 1861 – Fleet departs to resupply Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• April 11, 1861 – Confederates demand surrender of Fort Sumter
• ***April 12, 13,1861 – The South fires on Fort Sumter – 4:30 a.m.
• April 14, 1861 – Sumter lowers U.S. flag and surrenders – Southern troops fire salute to
  US flag
• April 15, 1861 – President Lincoln calls for 75,000 militia
• April 17, 1861 – President Davis initiates Privateering against Union shipping
• April 17, 1861 – Virginia Secedes
• April 18, 1861 – Union abandons Harpers Ferry Arsenal, W. Virginia
• April 19, 1861 – Lincoln authorizes blockade of Confederate seacoast
• April 19, 1861 – Secessionist mob attacks Union troops in Baltimore, Maryland
• April 20, 1861 – Navy yard at Norfolk, Va. evacuated by Union
• April 29, 1861 – Maryland says no to secession
• May 3, 1861 – Anaconda Plan formulated by Union Gen. Winfield Scott
• May 6, 1861 – Virginia secedes despite objections of its western counties
• May 6, 1861 – Arkansas secedes
• May 6, 1861 – Confederate Congress declares war on United States
• May 20, 1861-North Carolina secedes
• May 20, 1861- Kentucky declares neutrality
• May 21, 1861- Richmond declared Confederate capital
• June 3, 1861 – Battle of Phillippi, Western, Va.
• June 8, 1861 – Tennessee secedes
• June 10, 1861 – Confederates win minor battle at Big Bethel, Va.
• June 11, 1861 – West Virginia secedes from Virginia to become a new Union state
• June 11, 1861 – McClellan makes name at Rich Mountains, W. Va.
• July 18, 1861 – Bull Run campaign begins with Blackburn’s Ford
• ***July 21, 1861 – First battle of Bull Run (Manassas), Virginia
• July 25, 1861 – McClellan named commander of Union forces
• July 27, 1861 – McClellan placed in command of all Union troops
• August 10, 1861 – Confederates defeat Union at Wilson’s Creek, Missouri
• August 20, 1861 – Confederates capture garrison at Lexington, Missouri
• August 27, 1861 – Three day battle at Hatteras Inlet, N.C.
• August 29, 1861 – Fort Hatteras, N.C. captured by Union
• September 6, 1861 – Grant and troops move into Paducah, Ky.
• September 19, 1861 – Battle of Carnifix Ferry, western, Va.
• October 21, 1861 – Confederates win at Ball’s Bluff, Virginia
• October 24, 1861 – Western Union completes telegraph line
• October 31, 1861 – Missouri secedes, pro-Union forces and gov’t reverse
• November 7, 1861 – Confederates beat Grant at Belmont, Missouri
• November 7, 1861 – Union takes Port Royal, South Carolina
• November 8, 1861 – Trent Affair begins with arrest of Southern commissioners
• December, 1861 – Legal Tender Act – paper currency accepted, unbacked by gold

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• January 13, 1862 – Lincoln appoints Stanton Secretary of War
• January 19, 1862 – The South loses at Mill Springs, Kentucky
• February 6, 1862 – Grant captures Ft. Henry near Nashville, Tennessee
• February 8, 1862 – Union takes Roanoke Island, North Carolina
• February 13, 1862 – Battle of Ft. Donelson – Gen. Forrest escapes
• February 25, 1862 – Confederates abandon Nashville, Tennessee
• March 8, 1862 – Union wins at Pea Ridge, Arkansas
• March 8, 1862 – Confederate Merrimack destroys 15 Union ships
• March 9, 1862 – Confederate Merrimack and USS Monitor meet – a draw
• March 14, 1862 – Confederates abandon New Madrid, Missouri
• March 14, 1862 – Union Burnside captures New Berne, N.C.
• March 23, 1862 – Stonewall Jackson defeated at Kernstown, Virginia
• March 28, 1862 – Union destroys Sibley at La Glorieta Pass (The West’s Gettysburg)
• April 3, 1862 – West Virginia created
• April 4, 1862 – Union McClellan lays siege to Yorktown, Va.
• ***April 6, 1862 – Confederates win day one at Shiloh, Tennessee
• April 7, 1862 – Union wins day two at Shiloh, Tennessee
• April 7, 1862 – Union takes Island Number Ten on Mississippi River
• April 8, 1862 – Union captures Island Number Ten at Memphis, Tennessee
• April 11, 1862 – Ft. Pulaski, near Savannah, Georgia, captured by Union
• April 16, 1862 – Confederacy adopts new draft law
• April 18-28, 1862- Farragut takes Fort Jackson and St. Phillip, La.
• April 25, 1862 – Adm. David Farragut captures New Orleans
• May 3, 1862 – Confederates evacuate Yorktown , Va. Peninsula
• May 4, 1862 – McClellan occupies Yorktown, Virginia
• May 5, 1862 – Union captures Williamsburg, Virginia
• May 8, 1862 – Stonewall Jackson takes McDowell, Virginia
• May 9, 1862 – Union forces Confederates to abandon Norfolk, Virginia
• May 12, 1862 – Union forces occupy Baton Rouge, La.
• May 15, 1862 – U.S. Navy repulsed at Drewry’s Bluff on James River below Richmond
• May 20, 1862 – Homestead Act passed by Congress
• May 23, 1862 – Stonewall Jackson beats Union at Front Royal, Virginia
• May 25, 1862 – Stonewall Jackson routs Union forces at Winchester, Virginia – First
  Battle of Winchester
• May 31, 1862 – Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks) Virginia – Johnston and McClellan
• June 1, 1862 – Lee made commander of Army of Northern Virginia
• June 4, 1862 – Confederates evacuate Ft. Pillow, Tennessee
• June 6, 1862 – Union captures Memphis, Tennessee following naval battle
• June 8-9, 1862- Stonewall Jackson defeats Union at Cross Keys and Port Republic,
  Virginia
• June 12-16, 1862 – Jeb Stuart rides around McClellan’s army
• June 14-15, 1862 – Union loses at Winchester by troops of Lee
• June 16, 1862 – Union loses in numbers at Secessionville, S.C.
• June 25 – July 1, 1862 – Seven Days battles at Oak Grove, Mechanicsville, Gaines Mill,
  Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Virginia
• June 26, 1862 – Battle of Mechanicsville, aka Beaver Dam Creek, Ellerson’s Mill
• June 27, 1862 – Battle of Gaines Mill, aka First Cold Harbor, Chickahominy
• June 29, 1862 – Battle of Savage’s Station, Va.
• June 30, 1862 – Battle of Glendale, aka Frayser’s Farm, White Oak Swamp, Va.
• July 1, 1862 – Battle of Malvern Hill
• August 9, 1862 – Stonewall Jackson defeats Union at Cedar Mountain, Virginia
• August 16-18, 1862- Union siege, Corpus Christi, Texas
• August 17, 1862 – Starving Sioux attack settlers at Acton, Minn.
• August 28, 1862 – Battle of Groveton, Va.
• August 29-30, 1862 – Confederates defeat John Pope at 2nd Bull Run (Manassas)
• August 29-30, 1862 – Confederates rout Union at Richmond, Kentucky
• September 1, 1862 – Battle of Britton’s Lane, Tennessee
• September 1, 1862 – Battle of Chantilly, Va.
• September 4, 1862 – Lee’s first invasion of the North – He crosses Potomac River
• September 13, 1862 – Lee’s famous Lost order found by McClellan’s troops
• September 14, 1862 – Battle of South Mountain, Maryland – Lee and McClellan
• September 15, 1862 – Stonewall Jackson wins at Harper’s Ferry, W. Virginia
• ***September 17, 1862 – Battle of Antietam, aka, Sharpsburg, Maryland – Lee and
  McClellan
• September 19, 1862 – Confederates lose at Iuka, Mississippi – Price and Rosecrans
• September 22, 1862 – Lincoln issues preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
• October 3-4, 1862 – Battle at Corinth, Mississippi – Draw between Van Dorn and Rosecrans
• October 8, 1862 – Battle of Perryville, (Chaplin Hills) Kentucky – Bragg and Buell
• October 9-12, 1862 – Jeb Stuart raids Chambersburg, PA, rides around McClellan 2nd time

• November 7, 1862 – McClellan removed as commander – Burnside installed
• November 16, 1862 – Union occupies Corpus Christi, Texas, December 13, 1862 – Union
  loses with heavy losses at Fredericksburg, Virginia – First Battle of
• December 27, 1862 – Three day Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs, Ms.
• December 29, 1862 – Sherman bested at Chickasaw Bluffs, Missouri
• December 31, – Jan. 2, 1862 – Battle of Murfreesboro (Stones River), Tennessee

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• January 1, 1863 – President Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863 – Confederates win at Galveston, Texas
• January 5, 1863 – Three day battle at Murfreesboro, Tn. Union occupys
• January 19-23, 1863 – Burnside and Potomac Army make "Mud March"
• January 26, 1863 – Burnside removed as commander – Joe Hooker installed
• ***March 1-4, 1863 – Battle of Chancellorsville, Va.
• March 13, 1863 – U.S. Draft and Exemptions signed by Lincoln
• March 17, 1863 – Battle of Kelly’s Ford, Va. Union victory of Maj. Gen. French
• April 7, 1863 – Union Ironclads fail at Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• April 16, 1863 – Porter’s fleet runs past batteries at Vicksburg, Mississippi
• April 17 to May 2, 1863 – Union cavalry (Grierson) raids in Mississippi
• May 1, 1863 – Grant defeats Confederates at Port Gibson, Mississippi
• May 1-4, 1863 – Lee defeats Hooker at Chancellorsville
• May 2, 1863 – Stonewall Jackson shot by own men
• May 3-4, 1863- 2nd Battle of Fredericksburg
• May 10, 1863 – Stonewall Jackson Dies
• May 12, 1863 – Grant wins at Raymond, Mississippi
• May 14, 1863 – Grant captures Jackson, Mississippi
• May 16, 1863 – Union takes Champion’s Hill, Ms.- Confederates retreat towards Vicksburg
• May 17, 1863 – Confederates routed at Big Black River – Union heads for Vicksburg
• ***May 18, 1863 – Grant begins siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi
• June 3, 1863 – Lee begins second invasion of the North
• June 9, 1863 – Cavalry of both sides engage at Brandy Station, Virginia
• June 14-15, 1863 – Union defeated at Winchester, Va.- Ewell and Milroy, 2nd Battle of
  Winchester
• June 20, 1863 – West Virginia formally enters Union side of Civil War
• June 26, 1863 – Lee’s army enters Gettysburg area.
• June 26, 1863 – Meade replaces Hooker as commander
• June 28, 1863 – Confederates seize York, Pennsylvania
• ***July 1-3, 1863 – Three day Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania – Lee and Meade
• ***July 4, 1863 – Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders – capture of 30,000 confederates
• July 9, 1863 – Port Hudson, Louisanna, surrenders to Union forces
• July 13, 1863 – Four days draft riots in New York City, New York
• July 22, 1863 – Battle of Manassas Gap, Va.
• July 26, 1863 – Raids by Confederates in Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio
• August 21, 1863 – Quantrill Massacre at Lawrence, Kansas
• August 30, 1863 – Confederates abandon Ft. Smith, Arkansas – Union occupies it until end
  of the war
• September 2, 1863 – Burnside occupies Knoxville, Tennessee
• September 8, 1863 – Battle of Sabine Pass, Texas
• September 9, 1863 – Union enters Chattanooga, Tennessee
• September 19-20, 1863 – Confederate General Braxton Bragg wins Chickamauga, Georgia
• September 21, 1863 – Bragg lays seige to Chattanooga
• October 9, 1863 – Lee’s 10 day Bristoe Campaign against Meade starts
• October 14, 1863 – Engagement at Bristoe Station, Va.
• October 16, 1863 – Grant takes command of newly formed Dept. of Tennessee
• October 23, 1863 – Grant takes command at Chattanooga
• October 28, 1863 – Union fights against night attack at Wauhatchie, Tenn.
• November 4, 1863 – Longstreet sent to besiege Knoxville, Tenn.
• November 6, 1863 – Battle of Droop Mountain, W.Va.
• November 19, 1863 – President Lincoln delivers ten minute famous Gettysburg Address
  speech.
• November 23, 1863- Battle of Orchard Knob, Tenn.
• ***November 23,25, 1863 – Battle of Lookout Mountain, aka Cravens’ Farm, Chattanooga,
  Tennessee
• November 25, 1863 – Battle of Missionary Ridge, Chattanooga, Tennessee – Grant and Bragg
• November 29, 1863 – Union repulses attack at Ft. Sanders – Knoxville, Tennessee
• December 16, 1863 – Gettysburg veteran, John Buford dies of Typhoid Fever

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• February 17, 1864 – Confederate sub H.L. Hunley sinks Union Warship Housatonic off
  Charleston
• February 20, 1864 – Union forces lose at Olustee, Florida
• February 27, 1864 – Infamous Andersonville Prison opens doors for prisoners
• March 1, 1864 – Alleged Union attempt to kidnap or kill Davis fails
• March 10, 1864 – Grant made general-in-chief of all armies of the U.S.
• March 10, 1864 – Union Red River Campaign, La. starts
• March 11, 1864 – Union Ambulance Corps established
• March 13, 1864 – Red River Campaign started in Louisanna
• March 26, 1864 – Battle of Paducah, Ky.
• April 8, 1864 – Battle of Mansfield, La.
• April 12, 1864 – Confederates recapture Ft. Pillow, Tennessee
• April 30, 1864 – Confederates win at Jenkins Ferry, Arkansas
• May 5-7, 1864 – Battle of the Wilderness, Virginia – Lee and Grant
• May 7, 1864 – Sherman begins drive towards Atlanta
• ***May 4 -June 12, 1864 -Gran’t Overland Campaign
• May 8-19, 1864 – Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia – Lee and Grant
• May 11, 1864 – Stuart mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia
• May 12, 1864 – Sherman outflanks Johnston at Dalton, Georgia
• May 14-15, 1864 – Battle of Resaca, Georgia – Sherman and Johnston
• May 15, 1864 – Battle of New Market, Virginia – Sigel and Breckinridge
• May 16, 1864 – Battle of Drewry’s Bluff
• May 23, 1864 – Four day Battle of North Anna River, Va.
• May 25, 1864 – Four day battle at New Hope Church, Georgia – Sherman and Johnston
• May 28, 1864 – Rebel’s attack and burn Lamar, Mo.
• June 1-3, 1864 – Battle of Cold Harbor, Virginia – Grant and Lee
• June 10, 1864 – Union loses at Brices Crossroads, Mississippi
• June 12, 1864 – Grant begins flanking movement across James River to Petersburg
• ***June 18, 1864 – Grant sieges Petersburg, Virginia when assaults fail
• June 19, 1864 – Union Kearsarge sends Confederate raider Alabama to bottom off France
• June 23, 1864 – Early’s Washington Raid begins
• June 27, 1864 – Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, Georgia – Sherman and Johnston
• July 6, 1864 – Confederate forces capture Hagerstown, Maryland – demand ransom.
• July 11, 1864 – Confederates attack Ft. Stevens, Washington D.C. and withdraw
• July 12, 1864 – Early’s Confederate forces reach Washington D.C. but withdraw
• July 14, 1864 – Battle of Tupelo, Mississippi – Sherman and Forrest
• July 17, 1864 – CSA Hood replaces Joe Johnston – skirmishes around Atlanta
• July 20, 1864 – Battle of Peachtree Creek, Georgia – Sherman and Johnston
• July 22, 1864 – Battle of Atlanta – Sherman and Johnston
• July 24, 1864 – Second Battle of Kernstown, Va.
• July 28, 1864 – Battle of Ezra Church, Georgia
• July 30, 1864 – Battle of the Crater, Petersburg, Virginia – Grant and Mahone
• August 5, 1864 – Adm. Farragut wins Battle of Mobile Bay, Ala.
• August 7, 1864 – Battle of Moorefield, W.Va.
• August 18, 1864 – Battle of Weldon Railroad, Petersburg, Va.
• August 23, 1864 – Union captures Ft. Morgan, Alabama – last site of large Federal land
  campaign
• August 24, 1864 – Battle of Reams Station, Va.
• August 31, 1864 – Two day Battle of Jonesborough, Ga.
• September 1, 1864 – Confederates evacuate Atlanta, Georgia
• ***September 2, 1864 – Sherman occupies Atlanta, Georgia
• September 19, 1864 – Battle of Winchester, Virginia – Sheridan and Early – 3rd battle of
• September 29, 1864 – Battle of Fort Harrison, Va.
• September 29, 1864 – Two day Battle of Chaffin’s Farm, Va.
• September 30, 1864 – Three day Battle of Peeble’s Farm, Va.
• October 5, 1864 – Battle of Allatoona, Ga.
• October 9, 1864 – Third Battle of Winchester, Va.
• October 19, 1864 – Gen. Phil Sheridan, Union wins at Cedar Creek, Virginia
• October 19, 1864 – Confederate raiders attack St. Albans, Vermont
• October 19-Nov. 9, 1864- Forrest’s raid at Johnsonville, Tennessee
• October 22, 1864 – Battle of Fisher’s Hill, Va.
• October 23, 1864 – Battle of Westport, Mo.
• October 27, 1864 – Confederate raiders kill two dozen unarmed soldiers at Centralia, Mo.
• November 8, 1864 – Lincoln reelected
• November 16, 1864 – Sherman prepares March to the Sea leaving Atlanta, Ga.
• November 19, 1864 – Sherman begins famous march to the sea
• November 21, 1864 – Hood begins Nashville and Franklin Campaign
• November 22, 1864 – Sherman occupies Milledgeville, Georgia
• November 25, 1864 – Confederate plans to burn New York City fails
• November 30, 1864 – Battle of Franklin, Tennessee – 5 Confederate generals die

• December 13, 1864 – Sherman captures Ft. McAllister which guards Savannah, Georgia
• December 15-16, 1864 – Thomas beats Hood at Nashville, Tennessee
• December 16, 1864 – Union forces capture Wytheville, Va.
• December 21, 1864 – Sherman occupies Savannah, Georgia
• December 22, 1864 – Sherman gives Savannah to Lincoln as a Christmas gift

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• January 15, 1865 – Union forces capture Ft. Fisher – closing Wilmington, N.C. – The last
  CSA port
• February 1, 1865 – Sherman marches to the Carolinas
• February 5, 1865 – Three day Battle of Hatcher’s Run, Va.
• February 16, 1865 – Sherman captures Columbia, South Carolina, South evacuates
  Charleston
• February 18, 1865 – Union forces seize Ft. Sumter and Charleston
• February 22, 1865 – Union captures Wilmington, N.C.
• February 25, 1865 – Joe Johnston made commander of Army of Tennessee
• March 4, 1865 – President Lincoln inaugurated for second term
• March 8, 1865 – Three day Battle of Kinston, N.C.
• March 11, 1865 – Sherman takes Fayetteville, North Carolina
• March 13, 1865 – Confederate Congress authorizes use of slaves for soldiers
• March 16, 1865 – Battle of Averasborough, N.C.
• March 19, 1865 – Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina – Sherman and Johnston
• March 25, 1865 – CSA Gordon fails at Fort Stedman, Petersburg, Va.
• March 31, 1865 – Confederate forces repel Union at Dinwiddie Court House, Va.
• April 1, 1865 – Battle of Five Forks, Virginia – Lee and Sheridan – Union victory
• April 2, 1865 – Capture of Selma, Alabama by Union
• April 2, 1865 – Battle of Fort Gregg – gateway to Petersburg
• April 2, 1865 – Grant captures Petersburg, Virginia – CSA abandons Richmond, Virginia
• April 2, 1865 – Union takes Ft. Gregg, Virginia – a strike against Petersburg, Virginia
• April 2-9, 1865- Seige of Fort Blakely, Ala.
• April 4-5, 1865 – Lincoln comes to Richmond
• April 6, 1865 – Battle of Saylers Creek, Virginia – Lee and Grant’s command
• ***April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders Army of Northern Virginia to Grant at Appomattox Court
  House, Va.
• April 10, 1865 – Lee bids farewell to Army of Northern Virginia – order number nine
• ***April 14, 1865 – President Lincoln shot by John Wilkes Booth, the actor
• April 15, 1865 – President Lincoln dies
• April 21, 1865 – Mosby refuses to surrender – disbands rangers at Millwood, Va.
• April 26, 1865 – Gen. Johnston’s army surrenders to Sherman at Durham, North Carolina
• April 26, 1865 – Booth killed by Union forces at Bowling Green, Virginia
• April 26, 1865 – Confederate congress meets last time at Charlotte, North Carolina
• May 4, 1865 – CSA Richard Taylor surrenders army east of Mississippi at Citronelle, Ala.
• May 10, 1865 – Union forces capture Davis near Irwinville, Ga.
• May 12, 1865 – Final Battle of the war at Palmito Ranch, Texas
• May 13, 1865 – Last battle of war at Palmito Ranch, Brownsville, Texas
• May 23-24, 1865 – Union parades in Washington, D.C. before disbandment
• May 26, 1865 – CSA Kirby Smith surrenders Trans-Mississippi army at New Orleans
• June 22, 1865 – Brig. Gen. Stand Watie, Cherokee Nation Chief, surrenders
• November 10, 1865 – Andersonville Henry Wirz hanged for cruelty
• December 18, 1865 – 27 states ratify 13th amendant – Abolishment of slavery everywhere