The emergence of Homo sapiens occurred sometime between 130,000 years to 200,000 years from now – the period when the human origin took place in the universe.

“Civilization” is often used as a synonym for the broader term “culture” in both popular and academic circles. Every human being participates in a culture, defined as “the arts, customs, habits… beliefs, values, behavior and material habits that constitute a people’s way of life”.

The Neolithic mankind, in pursuit of green pastures, found the river valleys engulfing the major rivers such as the Nile, Tigris, Indus, Euphrates, and Huang Ho and created the first civilizations of human kind in these river valleys.

Civilization has been criticized from a variety of viewpoints and for a variety of reasons. Some critics have objected to all aspects of civilization; others have argued that civilization brings a mixture of good and bad effects.

There are more than 30,000 species of spiders.

There can be up to nearly 5 million spiders per hectare.

A jumping spider can jump up to 25 times its own body length.

Black Widow ’s bite is feared because its venom is reported to be 15 times stronger than a rattlesnake’s.

Male spiders are almost always smaller than the females and are often much more colorful.

Approximately 2000 people are bitten each year by Redback Spide.

The Dewdrop spider and other small spiders do not build a web but live near an orb web and eat the remains of left over insects.

The largest spider ever observed by scientists was over 8 feet long and weighed in at 530 pounds.

A spider egg contains as much DNA as four humans combined.

There are people in South America who eat tarantulas.

Some spiders, like Orb spiders, spin webs to catch flying insects. They make a new web every
day and eat the old one.

Not all spiders spin webs.

Fear of spiders is called Arachniphobia. It is one of the most common fears among humans.

The cultivated cabbage is derived from a leafy plant called the wild mustard plant, native to the Mediterranean region, where it is common along the seacoast.

The largest cabbage dish ever made was on 19 December 2008 in the Macedonian city of Prilep, with 80,191 sarmas (cabbage rolls) weighing 544 kg (1,221 lbs).

Cabbage is: Low in Saturated Fat, Cholesterol, High in Dietary Fiber, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Folate, Potassium, Manganese, Vitamin A, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, Calcium, Iron and Magnesium.

Histidine, a compound found in cabbage regulates the T-cells of the immune system. This is essential in the treatment of allergies and other illnesses caused due to a weak immune system.

Cabbage is a source of Vitamin A which your body needs for healthy skin and eyes.

Drinking juiced cabbage is known to assist in curing stomach and intestinal ulcers.

To keep red cabbage red, try adding a tablespoon of white vinegar to the cooking water.

Mothers’ day, as we are all aware of, is one of the largest card-selling holidays celebrated worldwide.

Mother’s Day is now celebrated in many countries around the world. Australia, Mexico, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Belgium, Russia, China, Thailand, all have special celebrations to honor Mothers, but not in the same way or on the same day as the United States.

George Washington once said, “My mother was the most beautiful woman I ever saw. All I am I owe to my mother. I attribute all my success in life to the moral, intellectual and physical education I received from her.”

52 % of the words for mother in the material have ma/me/mo or na/ne/no in the root syllable poems.

The number of mothers estimated in the United States in 2004 is 82.8 million.

During the 1600’s, England celebrated a day called “Mothering Sunday.” Servants would go home to see their families, bringing cakes and sweets to their moms. This custom was called “going a-mothering”. Each mother would recieve a simnel-cake (Latin for “fine flour) and mother’s would give a blessing to their children.

The scarecrow is one of the most familiar figures of the rural landscape not only in the United States but throughout the world.

Scarecrows frighten birds because of the human odor emitted from the clothes they wear. Come rain and wind, this odor dissapears.

The first scarecrows in recorded history were placed along the Nile River to protect wheat fields from flocks of quail.

Japanese farmers also began making scarecrows to protect their rice fields. The farmers hung old rags, meat, and fish bones from bamboo poles in their fields and then set them on fire. The smell was so bad that birds, and all other living creatures, stayed far away from the crops.

During the 17th century the condiment arrived in England with the name of catsup.

Kids eat 50 percent more ketchup than adults.

Ketchup was first for sale to the public by F. & J. Heinz Company back in 1876.

The ingredients in a typical modern ketchup are tomato concentrate, spirit vinegar, corn syrup or other sugar, salt, spice and herb extracts (including celery), spice and garlic powder.

25% of ketchup is sugar!

When Heinz ketchup leaves the bottle, it travels at a rate of 25 miles per year.

The world’s largest ketchup bottle is proudly displayed in Collinsville, Illinois. Built atop a water tower in 1949, it stands 170 feet tall.

Four tablespoons of ketchup, the average amount eaten with an order of fries,
has the same nutritional value as an entire ripe tomato.

Squeeze bottle were introduced in the 1980’s to solve the problem of ketchup not flowing out of glass containers.

The earliest yoghurts were probably spontaneously fermented by wild bacteria Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus native to and named after Bulgaria.

Yoghurt with added fruit jam was patented in 1933 by the Radlická Mlékárna dairy in Prague.[10] It was introduced to the United States in 1947, by Dannon.

In 1916, Isaac Carasso of Barcelona introduced packaged yogurt to Europe. He dubbed it Danone, his son Daniel’s nickname.

Regular yogurt uses a minimum of 3.5% milk fat and 8.25% milk solids.

According to nutritionists, a cup of plain yogurt, about 240 milligrams, made with whole milk, is said to contain only 140 calories

Yogurt bacteria can relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

Yogurt helps to fight against vaginal yeast infections.

Eating yogurt on a regular basis can help you absorb the nutrients in other foods.

In Ecuador, yogurt smoothies flavored with native fruit are served with pan de yuca as a common type of fast food establishment.

There has long been a belief that eating yogurt is associated with longevity, and many studies have been done.

It currently hosts over 1.7 Billion photos.

Facebook is open in up to 70 different languages.

The fastest growing demographic of users is in those of 35 years old and older.

10 million people become fans each day.

With thirteen species in seven genera, otters have an almost worldwide distribution. The only continents where otters do not live are Australia and Antarctica.

They mainly eat aquatic animals, predominantly fish and shellfish, but also other invertebrates, amphibians, birds and small mammals.

An otter’s den is called a holt or couch. A male otter is a dog (otter), a female a bitch (otter), and a baby a whelp or pup.

Female otters rear their young on their own.

They can stay underwater for up to four minutes, after witch they must surface to breathe.

The otter can swim faster than any other four-legged animal and can close its ears and nostrils to keep out the water
There are 13 species of otters.

They can consume up to 25% of their body weight daily.

Otters make several different sounds to communicate. A baby sea otter will cry when it is left alone.

Tail: 1 foot or less long.

The largest of the 13 species of otter is the giant otter, reaching a length of up to 1.8 m and known as the river wolf in Peru.

The smallest is the Asian small-clawed otter, less than a meter long.

In 1500bc, we believe the first glass bottles were made using the “Core-Forming Method”.

Glass takes over 1 million years to decompose in our landfills and dumps.

The energy saved from recycling 1 glass bottle can run a 100-watt bulb for 4 hours.

Recycling glass reduces air pollution by 20%, and water pollution by 50%.

Only 27% of the glass used in the United States is recycled. A typical glass recycling factory can recycle up to 20 tons of glass per hour.

The largest glass furnaces produce more than 400 tonnes - more than 1 million bottles each day!

Glass manufacture had developed in Venice by the time of the Crusades (A.D. 1096-1270), and by the 1290’s an elaborate guild system of glass workers had been set up.

Thin-glass goblets can vibrate when hit by sound waves. This is due to resonance. Some singers listen to the note produced when a glass, so that their voice vibrates the glass so much that it shatters.

Hydrofluoric acid will dissolve glass.

When glass breaks, the cracks move at speeds of up to 3,000 miles per hour.